scripts: publish unified Agent artifacts and restore CI coverage [CI]

Remove Probe build jobs and release paths. Transfer Gitea publishing credentials to both Agent architecture jobs, publish each platform archive once, and run slow tests after development images are published.

ci/stage-node-image.py

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
-"""Stage source and restore files for a Linux Agent or Probe image build."""
+"""Stage source and restore files for a Linux Agent image build."""
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@ GLOBAL_BACKEND_FILES = {
 ROOT_BUILD_FILES = {"Directory.Packages.props", "global.json"}
 CONTAINERFILES = {
     "agent": ROOT / "packaging/container/Agent.NativeBuild.Containerfile",
-    "probe": ROOT / "packaging/container/Probe.NativeBuild.Containerfile",
 }